![]() ![]() Like Freud and Jung, Adler rose from lower middle- class origins to world fame but unlike his illustrious counterparts, he remained emotionally attached to the lower classes and keenly concerned with their problems. His father was a Jewish grain merchant with a cheerful disposition and a particular fondness for Alfred, and his mother has been described as gloomy, rejecting, and self-sacrificing. To show that successful psychotherapy can be accomplished more easily and quickly than Freud believed.Īlfred Adler was born on February 7, 1870, in Rudolfsheim, a suburb of Vienna. To correct Freud’s belief that mental illness usually has sexual causes by showing that psychopathology most often occurs when pathogenic parenting (notably pampering and neglect) causes the child to develop an inferiority complex, abandon the desire to cooperate, and try to achieve superiority in selfish ways that hurt rather than help other people. To emphasize that personality development is strongly influenced by the child’s relationship with his/her parents and birth order. To argue that personality is an indivisible unity: Conscious and unconscious always work together, and personality is never torn by conflicting wishes and goals that set one part against another part. To reject Freud’s emphasis on the depths of personality by showing that the unconscious is relatively unimportant, and that personality is determined by our consciously chosen goals and methods of achieving them (style of life). To show that striving for superiority over our formidable environment (striving for self- perfection) is the most important human motive. To emphasize the social aspects of personality: We must cooperate with others in order to survive, and everyone has an inborn tendency to do so (social interest). To argue that instincts and heredity aren’t important causes of human behavior. To devise a theory of personality that can easily be understood and used because it is less metaphysical and complicated than Freud’s or Jung’s. Today Freud is clearly recognized as the originator of psychoanalysis, whereas Adler’s significant ideas have been widely subsumed, without credit, into the theories of other psychologists. 447,Īlthough Freud’s pungent attacks were excessive, he better understood the way to lasting fame. Even Jung, a man known for his tolerance of all races and peoples, described Adler’s group as an “insolent gang” of “impudent puppies.” (See Ellenberger, 1970, pp. Psychoanalysts charged Adler with plagiarism, and were accused in turn of retaining his ideas while expunging his name from their writings. Longstanding friendships broke up, wives of the combatants stopped speaking to each other, and members of opposing factions refused to sit near each other at dinner parties. An irate Freud “forced the whole Adler gang” to resign from psychoanalytic circles, and forbade his followers to attend any of Adler’s conferences. Freud’s colleague Alfred Adler were irreconcilably different from those of psychoanalysis. ![]()
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